Everything about N-pentane totally explained
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Pentane is any or one of the
organic compounds with the
formula C
5H
12. This alkane is a component of some fuels and is employed as a specialty
solvent in the laboratory. Its properties are very similar to those of
butane and
hexane. It exist in three
structural isomers, the branched isomers are called
isopentane and
neopentane.
| pentane |
isopentane |
neopentane |
| |
|
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The branched isomers are more stable. That is, they've lower
heat of formation and
heat of combustion. Isopentane is more stable than pentane by 1.8 kcal/mol, and neopentane by 5 kcal/mol.
Laboratory use
As the most volatile hydrocarbon that's liquid at room temperature, pentane is often used in the laboratory as a
solvent that can be conveniently evaporated. Also because of its
nonpolarity and lack of
functionality, its dissolving power is poor, thus only non-polar and alkyl-rich compounds are soluble in it. Pentane is
miscible, however, with most common nonpolar solvents such as
chlorocarbons,
aromatics, and
ethers.
Reactions
Pentane burns to form carbon dioxide and water:
» C
5H
12 + 8 O
2 → 5 CO
2 + 6 H
2O
As for other hydrocarbons, pentane undergoes
free radical chlorination:
» C
5H
12 + Cl
2 → C
5H
11Cl + HCl
Such reactions are unselective, yielding a mixture of the 1-, 2-, and 3-chloropentanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives. Other radical
halogenations can also occur.
Whereas
n-
butane is the conventional feedstock in the production of
maleic anhydride, pentane is also a substrate:
» CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
2CH
3 + 5 O
2 → C
2H
2(CO)
2O + 5 H
2O + CO
2Further Information
Get more info on 'N-pentane'.
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